Fiber optic sensing technology is transforming environmental monitoring and analysis by harnessing light transmission principles ​within optical fibers. These advanced systems employ light pulses to detect variations in physical parameters like temperature, strain, ​pressure, and vibration throughout the fiber's length. The analysis of light signal changes enables Fiber Optic Sensing Equipment to ​deliver real-time, precise, and extensive data, serving a variety of uses such as structural health monitoring, pipeline surveillance in ​the oil and gas industry, security perimeters, and environmental observation. Its non-invasive approach, resistance to ​electromagnetic interference, and long-range capabilities establish it as the method of choice for monitoring critical infrastructure ​and managing industrial processes.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), and Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing (DSTS) ​are key systems within the realm of fiber optic sensing equipment, each serving distinct purposes:

1. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS): DAS systems utilize fiber optic cables to detect acoustic signals along their length. By ​analyzing variations in the backscattered light caused by disturbances, such as vibrations or acoustic waves, DAS can provide ​real-time monitoring of events along the cable's route. This technology finds applications in pipeline monitoring, perimeter ​security, and seismic activity detection.
   
2. Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS): DTS systems monitor temperature variations along the length of the fiber optic cable ​with high spatial and temporal resolution. They rely on the principle of Raman scattering to measure temperature changes by ​analyzing the intensity of backscattered light. DTS is extensively used in environmental monitoring, fire detection, industrial ​process control, and infrastructure health monitoring.
   
3. Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing (DSTS): DSTS systems integrate both strain and temperature sensing capabilities ​along the fiber optic cable. By combining techniques like Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering, DSTS can simultaneously ​detect changes in temperature and strain. This enables applications such as structural health monitoring of bridges, dams, and ​pipelines, where monitoring both temperature and strain variations is critical for ensuring safety and efficiency.